Hear my apologetics teaching twice a week at 702 DZAS Kaliwanagan Kay Kristo (a segment of Tanglaw sa Landas ng Buhay of Back to the Bible Philippines) every Tuesday and Thursday 7:00PM.
Se-segue muna tayo sa isang napapanahon na usapin about undas. Ang tutugunan nating argument ngayon ay, “Christians should not participate in undas because it is rooted in a non-Christian tradition.”
Ang Pilipinas ay may mayamang kasaysayan ng mga pygmies, trade at banyagang colonialization. Bago pa man dumating ang mga colonizing nations like Spain and America lalo na yung period ng early 1000 years AD, marami nang records ng mga migrations at trades from aetas, Chinese, Malay, Middle East atbp. Ayon sa Historical Dictionary of the Philippines ni Guillermo at Win,
First arrivals were the Aetas or pygmies, who crossed the land bridge from Asia about 30,500 years ago. After the disappearance of the land bridge, the early Malays, who came by barangays from the Indonesian Islands, accomplished human migrations via sea. Hence, the majority of the Filipinos are of Malay descent.*Galing sa early pygmy migration na ito nagsimulang bumuo ng sibilisasyon at kultura. Tuloy pa ni Guillermo at Win,
Philippine society is the product of eastern and western cultural influences, which blend into a distinctive entity. Four cultures and two major religions have shaped the modern Philippines. Early exposure to Chinese cultural and commercial influence, more than three centuries of Spanish colonial rule, and almost 50 years of American tutelage have appreciably altered, but not obscured, the Malayan character of Philippine society.†Kaya di na siguro kayo magtataka kung bakit halo-halo na rin ang ating mga norms and practices ng kultura, tulad ng pag uusapan natin ngayon tungkol sa undas.
Sa ating most recent na colonial past ng mga Kastila at Amerikano tayo ay may mga practices na natutunan at ating na integrate sa ating nakasanayan nang mga gawain. Tulad ng rin ng jeepney na namana natin sa mga American jeeps, pinahaba natin ito, linagyan ng mga kolorete, pinangpasada at ngayon ganap na Pinoy na Pinoy na ang mga jeepneys.
Ang undas ay ganon din. May tatlong pinaghuhugutan o inapply na mga sources ng cultural practices around October 31-Nov 2 o yung malimit nating tinatawag na undas. Ang tatlo pong sources na iyan ay 1) yung Roman Catholic holidays, 2) Day of Dead ng mga Mexicans at 3) Halloween ng mga Celts na naging dominant sa modern Western culture. Depende na rin ngayon sa nakagisnang paniniwala ng isang traditional na family kung paano nila aalalahanin ang undas. Lahat na ito ay masasabi natin na may mga major conflicts sa paniniwalang ebangheliko subalit sa karanasan nating mga evangelicals, may mga aspect nito na ating na retain minus yung mga sa tingin natin clear violations ng Scripture.
Roman Catholic Holidays
Unang source natin ang Roman Catholic holidays. Sa isang article sa Philippine Star nagpapaliwanag:
The feast of All Saints and All Souls Day started in the 4th century and celebrated first in Antioch, where St. Ephrem the Syrian mentioned it in his sermon in the year 373 AD. The final date of Nov. 1 was instituted in the time of Pope Gregory III (731-741) when he consecrated a chapel to all the martyrs in St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome and ordered its annual celebration. While it was first ordered only for the Diocese of Rome, Pope Gregory IV (827-844) extended the holding of this feast to the entire Catholic Church . . . [A]t least millions of Filipinos still continue to mourn their friends and family who have gone ahead of us and to remember the times when they were still alive… and . . . pray for their souls who are either in purgatory or in heaven… and we pray that they are not in hell because if they are there, then we can no longer do anything for them.‡Mexican Day of the Dead
Sa tingin ko napakalaki ng naging impluwensiya ng Galleon Trade or Manila-Acapulco Trade sa pagdevelop ng kultura na ito.
In 2012, Fr. Joaquin Bernas wrote an article wondering where we got the word "undas" for our Oct 31 to Nov 1-2 holiday. Rigoberto Tiglao concurs in a 2013 article in The Manila Times. Ayon sa kanya ang word na undas ay bastardization of the word "hondras" sa "Hondras de Funebre [transl, funeral]" with "hondras" translated in English as "honor". Tiglao argues that in Batangas it is pronounced as "hondras." Yan ang ating pangalawa nating source; related yan sa Day of the Dead ng Mexico. It is said to be a Christianized practice from the Aztec tradition na nag resonate sa ating pagbibigay ng honor sa ating mga ninuno. Paliwanag pa ni Tiglao,
Contrary to what most people think, Undas wasn’t a creation of Catholicism nor is it a practice among Catholics all over the world. Only Mexico, the Philippines, Brazil—and in less-intense forms, a few Latin American countries—celebrate the Day of the Dead in the way we know it, that is, one day of the year when everyone goes to the cemetery to honor their dead. Our Undas was an import from Hispanic Mexico, the reproduction here of its El Dia de los Muertos.§Hindi natin ito tinuturing na ancestral worship bagaman may mga practices na tila ganon na rin kasi may mga pagkakataon na ang mga pamilya would ask the intermediary role ng mga namatay nang mahal sa buhay na to look after them and to intercede for them in heave. This is probably how we got associated with having elaborate preparations for mausoleum o yung mga puntod, at mga family gatherings for prayer and novena sa araw ng undas.
Halloween
Ang pangatlo po ay yung “halloween” na mas “in” sa mga nakababatang generation at namana natin yan sa tingin ko sa mga Amerikano kasama ang kanila "Trick or Treat" at pagsusuot ng mga witches at mga nakakatakot na mga mukha o mag costume ng mga representation ng mga patay. Galing po ang gawaing ito sa mga Celtic Druids bago masakop ng Roman Empire ang parteng Inglatera at later on nang ma-Christianize ang Roman empire, naipagpatuloy ito ng Roman Catcholic. Subalit nang ito ay ma-transport sa US at kinalaunan na secularize ito kaya naman ang dominant na cultural practice ngayon doon ay Halloween, at malimit related sa mga horror at nakakatakot na mga anyo. Malayong malayo sa pagdadasal para sa mga patay ng Roman Catholic teaching at pagbibigay ng karangalan sa mga namatay nang mga pamilya. Sa Halloween, nagkakaroon pa ng mga Halloween Costume Party.
Dalawa ang maaring attitudes na na nakikita ko na response ng mga Christians.
May attitude na idismiss lahat altogether and just ignore the event. This I think is part of a Christian’s liberty to do. May kalayaan siyang gawin kung ito ay naaayon sa kaniyang conviction.
Subalit may mga Christians din naman na gustong mag alala ng mga namatay nilang mga kapamilya sa mga araw na ito, kaya naman sa kanilang mga tahanan nagkakaroon sila ng pagsasalu-salo at pagpapanalangin ng pasasalamat -- hindi nga lang sila nagpapadasal o nagpapa-novena. Ang iba namang Christian families ay pumupunta sa sementeryo, nililinis ang puntod ng kanilang mahal sa buhay at ino-organize ang araw na ito para makipag family reunion -- hindi nga lang sila nag aalay ng pagkain o nag aalay ng panalangin para makawala ang kanilang mahal sa buhay sa purgatoryo Yet ang iba naman ay nag oorganize ng Halloween fellowship sa church para mapag usapan ang ebanghelyo -- hindi nga lang sila nagwawala at gumagawa ng mga elaborate constumes to represent corpse, vampires and even Satan.
So bilang tugon sa argument na “Christians should not participate in undas because it is rooted in a non-Christian tradition” sa tingin ko dapat maging, una, cautious at, pangalawa, huwag maging judgmental by being too dogmatic about remembering departed loved ones and others especially kapag mga Christians ang gumagawa neto na may simple remembrance and honoring lang. Oo kailangan nating iwaksi o maging cautious bilang mga Christians ang pananalangin sa at para sa mga namatay na, o yung excessive na partying and debauchery at yung paggawa ng mga elaborate na mga horrific activities and themes that exemplify the power of darkness, pero kailangan din natin wag maging mapag kondena kung ang mga kapatiran natin ay may values na nakikita sa holidays na ito na related sa pagmamahalan ng pamilya, pag alala at pasasalamat sa Diyos sa mga nawala na at pagte-take advantage ng tema ng kamatayan at saints by organizing evangelistic or fellowship events to uplift our faith.
Ika nga ng GotQuetsions.org, “As with celebrating any holiday, the decision should be between the individual and God. Some people feel very strongly that observing any secular holiday is wrong, while others see it as harmless. The important thing to remember is that celebrating or not celebrating holidays should not be a cause for pride or division among Christians.”||
(C) Photo Credit
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* Artemio Guillermo and May Kyi Win, Historical Dictionary of the Philippines (Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press, 2005), 1.
† Guillermo & Win, 3.
‡ Bebot Avila, "The significance of All Saints’ and All Souls’ Day," Philippine Star (website); accessed at http://www.philstar.com/opinion/2013/11/02/1252076/significance-all-saints-and-all-souls-day
§ Rigoberto Tiglao, "Did Undas originate from ancient Aztec beliefs?" The Manila Times (website); accessed at http://www.manilatimes.net/did-undas-originate-from-ancient-aztec-beliefs/50000/
|| "What is the origin of Valentine’s Day, and should Christians celebrate it?" GotQuestions.org (website); accessed at https://www.gotquestions.org/Valentines-Day.html
Hi Prof,
ReplyDeleteIt's me Pasan Yoel but now Jo Santos as my account was targeted my malicious user in the web.
I belong to the Reformed Baptist group in Phil’s and all over the world as my network but now residing in NZ.
I applaud you with this well researched article and careful thought of our Filipino Biblical Christian roots.
I agree with your conclusion and commend your exhortations to faithful believer of Jesus Christ.
Blessings to you, your ministry and family.