Thursday, April 26, 2018

Pakikinig sa Katwiran ng Kausap sa Apologetics, Part 1 of 3 (Hear) || John Pesebre (April 26, 2018)


Ang 4H Apologetics ay ganito lang: apat na H to represent four stages ng pag aaral o pagi-engage sa mga nag-oobject sa Christian faith

Sa Hear, kailangan pakinggan mo ang kausap mo and determine kung ano ang argument niya. Sa Help, maglalatag ka ng apologetics mo na tutunggali sa sinasabi ng kausap mo. Sa Heal, ipapahayag mo sa kanya ang idol na naki-create ng objection niya at kung paano ito tinutuwid ng salita ng Diyos. At panghuli sa Honor, magkakaroon kayo ng simpleng pag aaral nung verse na kakabasa pa lang ninyo in the hope that your conversation produced new beliefs sa kausap mo.

Sa unang pandinig tila baga napaka complicated pero dahil parang naka automate siya, all you have to do is ride along the process.

What is important now at this point is how to begin. So let’s go, let’s begin with the point of contact ng apologetics na malimit mangyari and that is the contact of doubt sa Christian faith. And please don’t take this lightly. Sa apologetics you will face doubts -- doubts of your own and of other people. Most especially, mga doubts ng believers who are oftentimes may attachment na emotional kasi mahirap talaga ang mga doubts.

Ang mahirap sa doubt is when it presents itself more than just a claim but presents itself as an argument. Mahirap siya kasi mas masidhi ang pagtatalo sa isipan ng tao. Malimit ang mga claims natin walang support. Mga assertions lang. When a claim has a support there is an argument. Then the assertion now has what we call a substantiation. Dalawa na ngayon ang concern mo: yung claim at yung support. An argument ay may dalawang bahagi: claim at support. Naniniwala ako Diyos (claim) dahil Christian ako (support). Nagkakaroon ng doubt kung ganito na “Hindi ako naniniwala sa Diyos (claim) dahil hindi ko makitaan ng evidence na siya ay nag-e-exist  (support). That’s when it gets burdensome to think. Kaya nagkakaroon ng mental agony ang mga tao dahil hati na ang isipan niya sa competition inside his mind.

So dito tayo ngayon magsisimula sa ating first H na Hear. Simple lang ang goal ng Hear. Sana po naaalala ninyo dito yung Montaigne rule na sinabi ko last episode: that you submit yourself to the force of reasoning nung kausap mo. Halos ganito din ang sinabi ni Socrates, “Follow the argument wherever it leads.” May biblical charter ka rin dito: “Be quick to listen and slow to speak” (James 1:19).

Naka situate ang apologetics ministry sa mga ganitong konteksto. May isang tao na nagda doubt, o ikaw mismo nagda doubt, and then you start to address the problem or the argument. Eto yung sinasabi ni William Lane Craig the previous episode na “pursue it into the ground until you come to intellectual satisfaction with it.”

The first question na sasagutin natin sa 4H under Hear is “What is the claim of the argument?” Mahalaga na ma identify mo ang nature ng argument. So you have to begin with identifying the claim.

"In order to criticize a position someone has offered, you may sometimes need to put statements [or in our case, an argument] into a pattern," sabi ni Cederblom & Paulsen. They add, "[Y]ou might then need to fit it and certain other thoughts into patterns." Yang pattern na yan duti ay  CLAIM + SUPPORT = ARGUMENT

When I was taking my Master of Theology sa seminary, my theology professor Dr. Ron Watters gave this example sa pag solve ng mga problema that has helped me through the years. Sabi niya you need to visualize your problems as a floor na gawa sa tiles. Ang tiles kasi bukud-bukod. Kapag na identify mo na yung pagbubukud-bukod ng problema as if mga tiles sila, you can then take one tile and address it.

Dahil dito kailangan nating pagsumikapang ilagay sa pattern ang mga statements ng kausap nating nag-oobject. And again that pattern na gagamitin natin sa ating discussion dito ay yung CLAIM + SUPPORT = ARGUMENT. Let’s give a brief activity.

For example, the statement "John bagay kayo ng asawa mo kasi maganda siya at ikaw ay mabait." Ang claim diyan ay yung “John, bagay kayo ng asawa mo” at ang support ay “maganda siya at ikaw ay mabait.” Maliwan po. Isa pang halimbawa, “Iboboto ko si Juan kasi marami na siyang karanasan sa public service.” Ang claim ay, “Iboboto ko si Juan” at ang support ay “kasi marami na siiyang karanasan sa public service.” Ngayon episode na ito atin munang pag uusapan ang “claim” at next episode naman ay ang support.

A claim is actually a claim sa reality, o yung sa tingin nung nagki claim ay true state of affairs. It is something that he or she thinks as corresponding sa realidad ng mundo. Ang mga sample ng claims would be, "God is a moral monster" or "Christianity is the major cause of wars in history." Mga claims yan sa reality nung nagsasabi. It is not necessarrily true, but it is a claim nonetheless.
How do you identify a claim? Of course makikinig ka muna. Let’s say maraming sinasabi ang kausap mo.

For example, let’s look at this statement by a college student na Christian,

Nahihirapan akong ireconcile yung idea na ang Diyos ay mapagmahal subalit majority ng giyera sa kasaysayan natin ay sinimulan ng mga Christians. Bakit ganon? Di ba dapat ang Christians pa ang promotor ng katahimikan, bakit ang Kristiyanismo pa ang nagpasimula ng majority ng mga giyera sa kasaysayan?

Nakaka overwhelm po ba na tanong eto ng isang Christian na college student? Kung oo ang sagot niyo sa tanong na “Napaka brutal naman di ba?”, welcome to my ministry context. Setting aside muna yung mga spiritual duties mo as a believer kapag naka encounter ka ng ganito, like prayer, humility before God and pag encourage sa kausap mo, let’s dive into identifying the claim of this statement.

Recall yung doubt as “two.” When you are talking with an objector, you need to have in mind two opposing things. If a person is trying to oppose something in your faith, what is that opposition? Ang claim is usually a simple sentence na may form na “X is Y.” For example, “God is a moral monster” or “Christ is a fictional character.” So dito ngayon pumapasok yung “two” sa “doubt.” Meron siyang “X is Y” di ba? Para matulungan ka sa language mo, you have to begin with identifying kung anong “X is Y” mo na kinokontra ng “X is Y” niya.

It is very obvious that he is talking about God or at least his understanding about God. Once you identify the “X” who is God, then you will try to find out the “Y” kasi nga “X is Y.” At this point, mukhang pwede na magkagulo sa utak mo. A simple trick dito to know the predicate of “X” is to ask yourself, what characterization of my belief in God is this person trying to do?
Ang characterization is “a description of the distinctive nature or features of someone or something.” Do not go into the details of the argument muna. You are trying to look for an umbrella sentence na patutunayan ng “support” maya maya. Ang umbrella statement mo ay yung claim o yung “X is Y.”

Ako sa tingin ko, he is characterizing Christianity as an immoral religion.

Wag kayo mag-alala kasi kung kausap mo talaga yung tao, you can pitch him how you are understanding his claim. So pitch the claim to him, if he agrees then you can now proceed what you think is his support for his claim.

Based dun sa sinasabi nung university student na Christian, mukhang ang claim niya ay “God is a genocidal monster.” X is Y statement po yan. Ngayon pag kausap mo siya, you need to tell her if eto nga ang nature ng sinasabi niya. Pag sumagot siya ng “Oo” then you have a claim na ia-address mo. Next naman is you try to state sa kaniya kung ano ang support niya na nauunawaan mo sa sinasabi niya. Yan po ang ating pag uusapan next episode.

So bilang pagre-review lang, sa iyong pakikipag usap gamit ang 4H, ang unang tanong na ise-settle mo is, “What is the claim of the argument?” Makikinig ka sa kaniya at gagawa ka ng simpleng “X is Y” statement to state sa kausap mo, at kung mag agree siya, sana naman mag agree, then may malinaw na kayong avenue to talk about.

Sa ganitong paraan ka nakakabuo ng congenial na environment. To show sa kausap mo na ikaw ay inquisitive at focused reflects both a virtuous mind that hopefully influences ‘yung conversation niyo at Christian witness sa vein ng James 1:9 na “Be quick to listen.” By accomplishing those, I hope you are able to create an initial motivation sa kaniya to pursue a Chrisitan answer sa kaniyang objection. Sa Question 2, lalo pa maha-highlight ang virtue at witness mo na ito kasi doon lalo mo pang ipapakita na nauunawaan mo ang sinasabi niya.

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