May value din po ang repetition, o paulit-ulit. Nagagalit tayo minsan sa isang taong paulit-ulit, pero ang repetition has its value sa ating isipan. Repetition daw po might reinforce yun pong idea na ang inuulit na bagay creates strong neural pathways in the brain. I’m talking here about the repeated concept natin dito of the problem of evil. I repeat it because it is a very precise idea sa history ng simbahan sa kaniyang pag formulate ng theodicy. Ang theodicy, at eto rin uulitin ko, we have talked about, ay tugon sa katanungan bakit pinapahintulutan ng Diyos na may kasamaan at paghihirap sa mundo.
So in this episode we will try to provide an intellectual response sa problem of evil in its logical version. Tapos na po tayo sa pagtugon ng emotional version nito last episode. So ngayon we are assuming that the suffering person has already opened the door of rationality to make sense ng kaniyang paghihirap. So this is still as important a ministry is nung sa emotional kasi dito ka mangangarap na itayo uli ng Diyos ang buhay nitong taong naghihirap. Nung magkasakit nga ako, at nakatanggap ako ng massive emotional support sa family, friends at brethren, pero at some point I still need to pick the pieces up -- kailangan ko i-approach ang suliranin ko na may mental competence. This enabled me to analyze and plan the new normal ng buhay ko. Hindi po puwede yung habangbuhay akong naghahangad ng emotional support lang. Well I still do seek for emotional support even to this day, but it is because a transformed mind has taught me to be, not just mentally competent, but also emotionally, spiritually at socially competent. This COVID season my family created new measures so that we could stand resilient and emotionally, spiritually, mentally at socially competent. All of these are spurred by acts of the mind, as we distinguish it from acts of the emotion ng theodicy na natalakay ko po last week.
Ang defense po sa logical version ng problem of evil begins with an analysis and that is understanding what the logic of the problem of evil is. Narito po ang case ng problem of evil: 1) God is All-Powerful; 2) God is All-Knowing; 3) God is All-Good; 4) Evil exists. Ang ancient philosopher po na si Epicurus at and modern philosopher na si JL Mackie cries inconsistency ng 1-3 vs 4. For them this case is an argument for the non-existence of God for how can the God of those first three proposition allow the fourth proposition. If evil exists then he is a being who is not all-powerful, not all-knowing, not all-good leaving us with a god who is just like us -- no god at all.
Sa church history there have been efforts to respond to this. One in particular is Irenaeus na may theodicy na ganito. Para sa kaniya ang mundo daw ay bukod sa best possible world na maki-create ng mundo dahil angkop ang mundong ito sa pag-develop ng mga taong may kalayaan. Tila baga silid-aralan ito at ang kahirapan ay bahagi sa nagsisilbing mga aralin para tayo’y mag-mature at matuto. Again people can question this as having no greater good argument (thereby questioning God's omni-benevolent attribute) dahil maaring sabihin ng tao na okay pa na immature ako sa buhay kesa maghirap. Binanggit ko po si Iranaeus para halimbawa ng isang pinuno ng early church na nag-argue na hindi inconsistent na may evil at may Diyos at the same time. Marami pa po sa kasaysayan subalit wala po sigurong mas celebrated pa sa freewill defense ng isang modernong Christian philosopher na si Alvin Planting. Dahil sa defense na ito nakapagsabi ang modern atheist philosopher na proponent ng logical version ng problem of evil, na defeated na ang logical version of the problem of evil dahil na nga po sa argument na ito ni Plantinga.
Framed in another logical case, ang logical problem of evil ay ganito: Premise 1: It is logically impossible for both God and suffering to exist; Premise 2: Suffering exists; Conclusion: God does not exist.
Sagot ni Plantinga, tulad ni Iranaeus atbp, hindi imposible na pahintulutan ng Diyos na na may evil and suffering sa mundo. Ang impossible ay yung gagawa ang Diyos ng isang illogical na bagay like bilog na parisukat. Mali ang idea ng Premise 1 na “It is logically impossible for both God and suffering to exist.” That statement is not true. Kung gagawa tayo ng tamang statement about logical impossibility ay ganito: “It is logically impossible for Juan to be both married and a bachelor or an unmarried man at the same time.” Walang hayagang kontradiksyong makikita sa for both God and suffering to exist. Paano laya naisip nila Mackie at Epicurus na may contradiction? Para matupad yung kagustuhan nilang walang Diyos, tinatago ng argumentong ito ang kanilang mga maling akala. Ayon sa Christian philosopher na si William Lane Craig may dalawang maling akala ang maling argumentong nabanggit. Una, akala ng maling argumento na ito ay dahil all-powerful at all-knowing ang Diyos ay maari Niyang gawin ang maski anong uri ng mundo maski pa ito'y illogical. Pangalawa, kung all-good ang Diyos hindi Niya dapat kakitaan ng mabuti ang mundong walang suffering.
Okay yung una: wag po kayong mabibigla kung sabihin ko sa inyo na hindi gusto ng Diyos gumawa ng mundo ng mga robots para masiguro na walang gagawa ng evil. Gustong sabihin nito ay wala tayong freedom. Mukhang mataas sa determinasyon ng ating Panginoon na magbigay ng kapasyahan o kalayaan sa mga nilalang na inaatasan niya ng tungkulin tulad ng mga tao. Kung robot kasi wala itong kapasyahan o kalayaan. Hindi rin naman kalayaan yung may kapasyahan ang tao pero wala siyang kakayahang gawin ang kaniyang kapasyahan. And so mukhang minarapat ng Panginoon na gumawa ng mga nilalang na tao na may kalayaan at kapasyahan. Subalit kasama dito sa kapasyahan at kalayaan na ito ang abilidad ng tao na humarap o tumalikod sa isang bagay. At nangyari na nga ito doon sa hardin ng Eden. Ipinakita sa buong chapter 1 ang katotohanan at kapangyarihan ng Salita ng Diyos na nagsabi din sa kanila na wag kumain ng prutas. Subalit sa kanilang angking kapasyahan, tinalikuran nila ang kaalamang utos na ito. Should God have intervened? Sa tingin ko God was allowing them to learn for themselves how to “subdue” and “have dominion” over the earth na nakalagay sa Genesis 1:28 na nagsasabi, “And God blessed them. And God said to them, "Be fruitful and multiply and fill the earth and subdue it, and have dominion over the fish of the sea and over the birds of the heavens and over every living thing that moves on the earth." It was a good thing for them to learn how to manage ‘yung nasasakupan nila. Yung serpent was part of the “living thing that moves on the earth.” God didn’t not prevent them to speak to the serpent. They were supposed to deal with even crafty animals dahil sila nga ang managers of the land. Since this is your land, you need to gain knowledge how to manage it at kasama na nga doon yung pag-manage ng rules concerning the Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil. It was good.
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