Listen to 702 DZAS Kaliwanagan Kay Kristo (a segment of Tanglaw sa Landas ng Buhay of Back to the Bible Philippines) every Tuesday and Thursday 7:00PM.
Ang argument na tutugunan natin ngayon ay "Moses did not write the Pentateuch because the author of Deuteronomy in 1:1 shows that the author's point of view is already inside the land of Israel yet we know that Moses died before the people of Israelites entered Canaan."
Paanong nakapagsulat ng Deuteronomy si Moses when sa Deuteronomy 1:1 ito ang sinasabi:
Ito ang tagubilin ni Moises sa buong Israel nang sila'y nasa ilang sa ibayo ng Jordan.”Kumbaga, ang mga katagang ito ay sinasabi ng isang nakatayo na sa Israel.
Ang isa sa mga kilalang proponents ng liberal view na hindi si Moses ang may akda ng Pentateuch ay si Richard Friedman. Ang tawag po sa ganitong idea ay documentary hypothesis. Ito ay nagtuturo na ang first five book ng Old Testament ay galing sa mga kalat kalat ng mga panitikan ng Israel at inipon ito nung ang Israel ay na exile sa Babylon. Hindi si Moses ang nagsulat subalit ilang mga tao na may iba’t ibang kopya o kaalaman sa mga kalat kalat na panitikan na ito. Sabi ni Friedman sa kanyang influential na aklat na pinamagatang Who Wrote the Bible?, malaki daw ang challenge sa Mosaic authorship yung sa Deuteronomy 1 na nagsasabi nga na “nasa ilang sa ibayo ng Jordan” kasi sina-suggest daw nito na ang nagsulat ay nakatayo sa loob ng Israel. Kung si Moses daw ang nagsulat ng Deuteronomy paano siyang makapagsasabi nito gayong hindi naman siya nakapasok sa Israel. Ganito ang pagka present ni Friedman,
- Isaac de la Peyrere, a French Calvinist, also wrote explicitly that Moses was not the author of the first books of the Bible. He, too, noted problems running through the text, including, for example, the words "across the Jordan" in the first verse of Deuteronomy. That verse says, "These are the words that Moses spoke to the children of Israel across the Jordan...." The problem with the phrase "across the Jordan" is that it refers to someone who is on the other side of the Jordan river from the writer. The verse thus appears to be the words of someone in Israel, west of the Jordan, referring to what Moses did on the east side of the Jordan. But Moses himself was never supposed to have been in Israel in his life.*
How do you respond to this? Seems legit di po ba?
To answer this we have to understand some thoughts I shared the previous episode, that Joshua 24:26 indicates that “ Isinulat ni Josue ang mga batas na ito sa Aklat ng Kautusan ng Diyos. Kumuha siya ng isang malaking bato, itinayo sa lilim ng sagradong puno sa Banal na Lugar ni Yahweh.” Ulitin ko lang na mapapansin natin diyan na tulad ni Moses, si Josue ay nagsulat sa Aklat ng Batas ni Moses. Nalaman din natin last episode that Moses that --
- We do know that Joshua was Moses' assistant (Ex. 33:11), which quite likely included scribal and editorial duties. He was also the God-appointed successor to Moses (Num. 27:18-21), a prophet whom the Lord spoke to directly (Dt. 34:9, Jos. 1:1-9), and a leader the people obeyed just as they obeyed Moses (Jos. 1:17). We know that Joshua was with Moses when he spoke to God on Mt. Sinai (Ex. 24:13) and in the tent of meeting (Ex. 33:11).†
So going back sa issue ng “across the Jordan” hindi na po mahirap isipin that if it was written from the point of view of somebody from inside Israel, then it only seems legitimate that the annotation ng Deuteronomy 1:1 was written by someone inside Israel. “Annotate” means “a note of explanation or comment added to a text or diagram.” However such annotation does not necessarily mean na yung nagsulat ay independent of Moses at nagkamali siya o yung sabi Abraham bin Izra na "blunderer" na redactor. We have good reason to believe that this section was annotated by Joshua to give clarity to a place pero kasi sa Deuterenomoy mismo we can see claims by Moses na siya ang nagsulat neto. Look at Deut 31:9, 19, 22, 24. Sa 31:9 heto ang sabi,
- Then Moses wrote this law and gave it to the priests, the sons of Levi, who carried the ark of the covenant of the LORD, and to all the elders of Israel.
Pansinin po natin na sabi doon ay “this law.” Sa Hebrew ang word na “this” o “ito” haz-zōṯ at tinutukoy nito ang Deuteronomy mismo. Wala pong violation ng authorship ni Moses kung mag annotate si Joshua. Hindi po siya "blunderer.” He perfectly knows that Deuteronomy was authored by Moses but he had to annotate a few things to give clarity sa geographical details ng libro.
Sa susunod pong episode idi-discuss ko naman yung objection na “How can Moses write Hebrew when nung time niya na before 1400BC wala pang Hebrew?” Itong tanong na ito ang isa sa mga dahilan bakit linalatag na ang Pentateuch o yung first five books ng Old Testament ay hindi si Moses ang may akda, labag sa katuruan na namana natin sa Bible mismo at sa ating mayaman na tradisyon.
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* Richard Friedman, Who Wrote the Bible, 20.
† Theopedia, sv Mosaic Authorship
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